Verbs
Find the subjunctive verbs in the list below and then identify the tense and voice of each subjunctive verb.
1. crēdō, credere, credidī, creditum - to believe
Tense Voice
a. crederemus: ____________________ __________________
b. crediderimus: ____________________ __________________
c. crediti essemus: ____________________ __________________
d. credebamur: ____________________ __________________
e. credidissemus: ____________________ __________________
f. crediderunt: ____________________ __________________
g. crediti eramus: ___________________ __________________
h. credimus: ____________________ __________________
i. crederemur: ____________________ __________________
2. rogō (1) - to ask
Tense Voice
a. rogatur: ____________________ __________________
b. rogatum est: ____________________ __________________
c. rogaretur: ____________________ __________________
d. rogabitur: ____________________ __________________
e. rogavisset: ____________________ __________________
f. rogatum esset: ___________________ __________________
g. roget: ____________________ __________________
h. rogatum sit: ____________________ __________________
i. rogaret: ____________________ __________________
j. rogaverit: ____________________ __________________
3. cōnfiteor, -fitērī, -fessum - to admit (a fact), confess (a crime); to reveal, disclose
Tense Voice
a. confessi sunt: ____________________ __________________
b. confessi essent:___________________ __________________
c. confitentur: ____________________ __________________
d. confiterentur: ____________________ __________________
e. confitebantur: ____________________ __________________
f. confessi sint: ____________________ __________________
g. confitebuntur: ___________________ __________________
h. confiteantur: ____________________ __________________
Conditions
Practice translating these Factual Conditional Statements.
1. Perpetua dixit, “Si ad bestias amittemur, erimus hilares.”
2. Pater loquitur, “Si infantem amas, debes sacra imperatori facere.”
3. Si Dinocrates conatus est bibere, aqua recessit. (bibo, bibere - to drink)
4. Si Deus quicquam vult, id fit.
5. Si Perpetua infantem postulat, pater eius non illum amittit.
6. Si Perpetua dormivit, visio fratris ei apparuit.
These sentences use the same vocabulary as above so that you can practice translating contrary-to-fact conditions in the three tenses.
1. Si Perpetua dormivisset, visio ei apparuisset.
2. Si Deus quicquam velit, id fiat.
3. Pater dicit, “Si infantem amavisses, sacra imperatori fecisses.”
4. Si Perpetua infantem postularet, pater eius non illum amitteret.
5. Perpetua dixit, “Si ad bestias amittamur, simus hilares.”
6. Si Dinocrates conaretur bibere, aqua recederet. (bibo, bibere - to drink)
Translate each group of sentences. All sentences in a group use the same vocabulary but include one of each kind of conditional statement. Pay close attention to the tense and mood of the verbs.
Perpetua
1. Si Hilarianus eos interrogat, illi confitentur.
2. Si Hilarianus eos interogavit, illi confessi sunt.
3. Si Hilarianus eos interrogabit, illi confitebuntur.
4. Si Hilarianus eos interrogaret, illi confiterentur.
5. Si Hilarianus eos interrogavisset, illi confessi essent.
Si Hilarianus eos interroget, illi confiteantur.
Litterae (Ovid)
7. Si Orpheus se rursus vertit, uxorem suam amittit.
8. Si Orpheus se rursus vertivisset, uxorem suam amisisset.
9. Si Orpheus se rursus vertat, uxorem suam amittat.
10. Si Orpheus se rursus verteret, uxorem suam amitteret.
11. Si Orpheus se rursus vertet, uxorem suam amittet.
12. Si Opheus se rursus vertebat, uxorem suam amittebat.
Choose the right translation for each conditional statement based on the tense and mood of the verbs.
1. Si Christiani ad iudicium pro factis vocati sunt, sine testibus se defenderunt.
a. If Christians are called into court for their deeds, they will defend themselves without witnesses.
b. If Christians had been called into court for their deeds, they would have defended themselves without witnesses.
c. If Christians were called into court for their deeds, they defended themselves without witnesses.
d. If Christians should be called into court for their deeds, they would defend themselves without witnesses.
2. Orpheus locutus est, “Si idem Amor vos quoque iungat, sinatis me Eurydicen ad auras superas adducere.”
Orpheus said,
a. “If the same Love had also joined you, you would have allowed me to lead Eurydice back to the upper breezes.”
b. “If the same Love should also join you, you would allow me to lead Eurydice back to the upper breezes.”
c. “If the same Love were also joining you, you would allow me to lead Eurydice back to the upper breezes.”
d. “If the same Love also joins you, you allow me to lead Eurydice back to the upper breezes.”
3. Si quisquam catechumenus suam fidem negavisset, non ab Hilariano damnatus esset.
a. If any catechumen denies his faith, he will not be condemned by Hilarianus.
b. If any catechumen denied his faith, he was not condemned by Hilarianus.
c. If any catechumen should deny his faith, he would not be condemned by Hilarianus.
d. If any catechumen had denied his faith, he would not have been condemned by Hilarianus.
4. Si Plinius hanc provinciam regeret, nullus Christianus falsē temptaretur.
a. If Pliny were ruling this province, no Christian would be tested falsely.
b. If Pliny had ruled this province, no Christian would have been tested falsely.
c. If Pliny rules this province, no Christian is tested falsely.
d. If Pliny ruled this province, no Christian was tested falsely.
Uses of the Subjunctive
Perpetua
1. Cum fama Christianorum per vicinas regiones differret, plebs in foro facta est immensa.
2. Cum Perpetua et alii ab Hilariano damnentur, multitudo cuncta spectans turbatur.
Litterae
3. Tempus erit cum filius hominis sedeat ad latus Dei.
4. Cum Orpheus mortem coniugis satis fleverit, ad regnum inferorum audet descendere.
Perpetua
1. Cum Perpetua se sine timore defendat, pater fatum eius queritur et eam de scalā conatur trahere.
2. Cum Perpetua tot visiones habuisset, spem habuit iterum se suum fratrem visuram esse.
Litterae
3. Cum Herodes et exercitus Christum amiserint, principes sacerdotum atque plebs turbantur et sententiam exspectant.
4. Cum Pluto et Persephone carminibus vatis victi sint, sinunt vatem suam uxorem auferre.
Perpetua
1. Cum pater fatum Perpetuae maestē quereretur, Perpetua ipsa tamen non dubia erat.
2. Cum Dinocrates patiens undas aquarum non posset tangere, Perpetua tamen credit se ei profuturam esse.
Litterae
3. Cum alii testem in iudicium vocare possint, necesse est Christianis se defendere.
4. Cum Orpheus ad regnum maestum animarum descendisset et rediisset, id factum cum laude non effectum est.
Translation
Perpetua
1. Perpetua desideravit infantem in carcere manere, cum is adhuc mammas acciperet.
2. Si Dinocrates se tenderet, non marginem altum aquae posset tangere.
3. Hilarianus ceteros monuit, “Nisi confiteamini, ad bestias damnemini.”
4. Dinocrates de poenā solutus est, cum mors sua foeda omnibus hominibus fuisset.
5. Si nos, cum bestiis pugnantes, moriemur, hilares erimus et summis cum laudibus tollemur.
Litterae
6. Cum Orpheus sua carmina canat, non solum dei inferi haec maximo cum studio audiunt sed etiam aves et aliae bestiae.
7. Si Christiani ab quoquam duce Romano interrogati sunt, orationes testium ab eis prohibebantur.
8. Orpheus suam coniugem sine dubio amittit, si se vertit antequam Eurydicen ad lucem solis ducat.
9. Cum sacerdotes eum locutum ad Pilatum statim adducerent, facta eius damnare coeperunt.
10. Si Plinius hanc provinciam usque ad nostra tempora rexisset, plurimis hominibus pepercisset.
Perpetua
1. When we had prayed all together, I heard the voice of my brother lamenting his pain.
2. If my brother appears clean in the golden light of heaven, I will believe God hears my prayers.
3. If my child had desired to nurse, it would have been necessary that he remain in prison with me. (mammas accipio, -cipere - to nurse)
4. Since I refused to confess and delay my fate, I am condemned to the beasts with the others.
5. Unless Perpetua should deny her faith, Hilarianus would not spare her father.
Litterae
6. Since chief priests and common people complained bitterly, it is necessary for Pilate to interrogate Christ.
7. If Sisyphus were to hear the songs of the poet, he would cease his labor and would sit on his rock.
8. Although the Christians had been interrogated for many days, witnesses were nevertheless prohibited in their trial.
9. If the story is not doubtful, even the gods of the world below are moved by love.
10. If this man had disturbed the common people in the neighboring province, Herod would have condemned him.
Fill in the correct ending for the words in the Latin translation (you may need to look up additional words to discern their declension or conjugation):
Perpetua
1. Perpetua’s father said most sorrowfully, “If you love your child, it is necessary to spare him.”
Pater Perpetu___ maest________ dix___, “Si infant___ am___, necesse e______ e____ parc___.”
2. When Perpetua saw her brother again, he was clean, wearing a white garment and rejoicing in the manner of a child.
Cum Perpetu_____ su______ fratr_____ iterum vid_________, mund_____ er________, vest_____ alb_______ gerens et in mor_______ puer________ gauden______.
3. If Perpetua had not heard the voice of her brother, she certainly would not have asked for a vision.
Nisi Perpetu____ voc_____ fratr_______ audivi_____________, sine dubi____ vision______ non rogav____________.
4. Although the multitude of Christians have been condemned to the beasts by the command of Hilarianus, nevertheless they are cheerful and long for their fate without fear.
Cum multitud___ Christian_____ praecept________ Hilariani_____ad besti_____ damnat___ si______, tamen hilar____ su______ et fat________ su_____ sine timor_____ desider__________.
5. Even if the others should confess, Perpetua would not answer falsely.
Etiam si ceter_______ confit________, Perpetua fals_________ non respond___________.
Litterae
6. Since all the priests were awaiting justice, they consulted the leader of the province about Christ.
Cum sacerdot_____ cunct____ ius exspectare_____, duc_____ provinci_____ de Christ____ consulu_________.
7. Although the spirit of his wife had been taken away by a sorrowful fate, the poet did not delay but attempted a journey to the kingdom of the shades.
Cum anim____ uxor____ fat_____ maest_____ ablat___ esse____, vat____ non morat____ e_____ sed iter ad regn______ umbr______ conat______ e_____.
8. Pilate responded to the common people, thrown into confusion by the priests, “If I believe that man, I will release him.”
Pilatus pleb____ turbat___ a sacerdot_____ respond______, “Si ill___ cred____, e___ amitt_______.”
9. A multitude of shades always waits on the shore of the Stygian waves, since they have been condemned for their crimes.
Multitud______ umbr______ in litor____ und_____ Stygiarum semper exspect____, cum pro sceler______ su_______ damnat_____ si______.
10. Tertullian complained that Roman customs were too little fair to Christians, since witnesses could not appear on their behalf.
Tertullianus quereba_______ mor_____ Roman_____ parum iust_______ Christian______ esse, cum test____ pro ill_______ non poss______ appare__________.
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