Independent Uses of the Subjunctive
Practice translating these Hortatory subjunctives.
Perpetua
1. Mulieres gloriam Dei mirentur.
2. Ne metuam haec.
3. Pater suum vultum in terram mitteret.
Litterae
1. Adveniamus ad silvam.
2. Servat quidam deus nostras filias.
3. Ne hospes foedus rupissent.
Practice translating these subjunctives.
Perpetua
1. Utinam Pomponius me monuisset. (Optative)
2. Perpetua suum patrem amaverit, tamen ira eius illam non continuit. (Hortatory - Concessive)
3. Ne meus pater carcerem intravisset. (Optative)
4. Perpetua virum saevum occidat. (Potential)
5. Miles disciplinae Christi pareat? (Deliberative)
6. Pomponius Perpetuam de impetu moneat. (Potential)
7. Dies muneris adveniat, tamen non metuo. (Hortatory - Concessive)
8. Caput illius pedibus meis pellere conarer? (Deliberative)
Litterae
9. Quidam senex Iliam in ripis deserat. (Potential)
10. Ilia somnum de suā fortunā vereatur? (Deliberative)
11. Facta feminae in muneribus gloriam militum superet. (Potential)
12. Ne mulieres telis pugnarent. (Optative)
13. Virgines Sabinae inter acies starent? (Deliberative)
14. Ut Sabini Romanos superbos fundant. (Optative)
15. Ne mulieres ad Romanos volentes veniant, at spargere plus sanguinis patrum et virorum nolunt. (Hortatory - Concessive)
16. Quaedam Sabinae, lectae formae pudorisve causā, ut praeda vehantur. (Potential)
Uses of the Subjunctive in Dependent Clauses
Which type(s) of indirect speech could follow these “head” verbs? There could be more than one correct answer.
1. rogo (1)
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
2. metuo, metere, metui
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
3. hortor, hortari, hortatum
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
4. cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
5. quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitum
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
6. timeo, timere, timui
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
7. oro (1)
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
8. nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitum
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
9. pōscō, pōscere, popōscī
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
10. cōnfiteor, -fitērī, -fessum
a. indirect statement
b. indirect question
c. indirect command
d. fearing clause
This exercise will help you review all of the interrogative adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns you have learned in Units 1-9. Define each word below:
| Latin | English | Latin | English |
| quis, quid | quomodo | ||
| ubi | cur | ||
| qui, quae, quod (adj.) | utrum . . . an | ||
| quare | qualis | ||
| quā | unde | ||
| quantus, -a, -um | quam |
Translate these indirect commands.
Perpetua
1. Pudens imperavit ut nos refrigeraremus.
2. Pater Perpetuam orat ut sibi parcet.
3. Pomponius Perpetuam monebat ne timeret.
Litterae
4. Molles Sabinae orabant ne viri patres occiderent.
5. Pater Aeneas Iliam hortatur ut gloria adveniat.
6. Juvenalis Romanos monuit ut omnis pudor fugisset.
Translate these indirect questions.
Perpetua
1. Perpetua non miratur utrum superet an superetur.
2. Perpetua nescivit quare species convertura esset.
3. Pater Perpetuae miratur quanta iniuria filiae suae inlata sit.
4. Senex Perpetuam poscit quo pudor eius fugerit.
Litterae
5. Sabinae dubiae sunt utrum viri an patres impetum facturi sint.
6. Sabini nobiles postulaverunt qui dux Romanorum fidem hospitum rupisset.
7. Juvenalis interrogat quale decus feminis intrantibus arenam sit. (arena, -ae f. - arena)
8. Ilia quaesivit quare pater eam in ripis fluminis deserere posset.
Translate these fearing clauses.
Perpetua
1. Perpetua non verita est ne Pomponius vestem candidam gerens sibi apparuisset.
2. Christiani in corde timent ut Perpetua gloriam Dei cepisset.
3. Spectantes metuebant ne Perpetua multis saevisque ictibus occideretur.
Litterae
4. Sabinae, in aer clamorem tollentes, timent ne viri sanguinem patrum spargant.
5. Sabini nobiles metuerunt ne Romani agros occuparent et praedam deferrent.
6. Juvenal veretur ne non mulieres audaces pudorem praestent.
The Dative Case
Translate these sentences that review uses of the dative including verbs that take the dative.
Perpetua
1. Postquam miles portam carceris aperuit, licuit Perpetuae sine morā se in aere refrigerare.
2. Pomponius Perpetuae dixit: “Crede mihi: cum ille telum mittet, non tibi nocebit.”
3. Cum Perpetua experrecta est, muneribus studebat; nam sciebat victoriam tandem sibi esse.
4. Secundo lumine, Perpetua militi paruit et per portam apertam exivit ut Pomponium conveniat.
Litterae
5. Sunt mulieres viris similes quibus aurum atque vestes vix placent.
6. Sabinae ad aciem undique accedentes poscunt ut viri patresque simul sibi parceant.
7. Ilia in somnis speciem patris antiqui videbat, tamen verebatur ne quid malum sorori accideret.
8. Sabini iniuriam futuram nescientes muneribus laetē interfuerunt.
9. Licuitne Romanis nefas facere atque suis hospitibus saevissimē nocuere?
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers
Fill in the blanks in the following chart.
| Cardinal (Latin) | Cardinal (English) | Ordinal (Latin) | Ordinal (English) |
| Unus, -a, um | one | primus, -a, -um | first |
| ten | decimus, -a, -um | ||
| quattuor | fourth | ||
| three | third | ||
| undecim | undecimus, -a, -um | ||
| septem | septimus, -a, -um | ||
| twenty | vicesimus, -a, um | ||
| duo, -ae, -o | secundus, -a, -um | ||
| nine | ninth |
Translation Practice
Perpetua
1. Unus ex militibus meminit nos gloriae dei credere et sic quondam spiritum mirari coepit.
2. Pater Perpetuae sibi multum ictibus nocuit, quod doloribus saevis pressus est.
3. Pater comas suas manibus eripiens metuebat ne filia superba in muneribus caederetur.
4. Pomponius circa portam mansit et imperavit ut eum sine morā iungerem.
5. Nemo intellegere poterat quanta esset magnitudo viri Aegyptii.
Litterae
6. Felix soror, ego in somno locos novos intravi, mirans ubi esses.
7. Quidam homo pulcher monuerat ut omnia feliciter ingenio superarem.
8. Femina audax et plena virtutis bestiae nocet quae eam occidere conabatur.
9. Cum princeps signum dat ut Romani mulieres eripiant, primum iuvenes quasdam tardiores virgines rapiunt.
10. Rogo qualis mulier tela quam aurum argentumve malit.
Perpetua
1. The soldier allowed three of us to refresh ourselves in the air and light of the sun.
2. I wonder why my father was roused with fierce anger to such a degree.
3. Pomponius said, “Do not fear that you (pl.) will die.”
4. Let us come to the games without fear of slaughter but with hope of glory.
5. Granted that the Egyptian man is accustomed to conquer others; yet I will overcome him.
Litterae
6. The Sabines may scarcely escape the attack of the Romans from all sides.
7. Would that these women were never eager for weapons!
8. After Romulus spoke, anger appeared in the women’s faces and they demanded to be let go.
9. Finally the Sabine women boldly entered into the battle lines in order to prevent war.
10. Should the Sabines ever make peace with the reckless Romans after such impiety?
Fill in the correct ending for the words in the Latin translation (you may need to look up additional words to discern their declension or conjugation):
Perpetua
1. Let the day of the games arrive swiftly and let us be sent happily to the beasts.
Die_____ muner______ celer_____ adven______ et nos ad besti____ felici_____ mitt________.
2. The gladiator trainer (lanista, -ae f.) hardly knew whether Perpetua was winning or being defeated.
Lanist_____ vix sciv_____ utrum Perpetu_____ vinc_____ an super_____.
3. The faithful woman had never feared that she would be saved from the danger on all sides.
Mulier_____ fidel_____ numquam metu_____ ne ex pericul___ undique serv_____.
4. Pomponius gives gold to the guard and demands that I am able to go out through the gate.
Pomponi___ aur___ custod____ d___ et_____ posc_____ ut per porta____ poss___ ex____. (custos, custodis m.)
5. After they heard the shouting of the crowd, they wonder what sort of beasts they will soon fight.
Postquam clamor____ turb____ audiv______, mir_____ qual___ besti_____ mox pugnat_______ s____.
Litterae
6. The old father warned that so many bad things were at hand, but that she would overcome everything in turn.
Pat____ sen_____ monu_____ ut tot mal____ adess_________, sed omn____ invicem superatur____ ess_____.
7. If a man were to sell the goods of his wife, he would find a sword and other weapons.
Si vi___ bon___ coniug____ vend________, gladi_____ et ali____ arm____ inven______.
8. Why do some women pursue strength and manliness but not modesty or beauty?
Cur aliqu____ mulier____ vir_____ virtut___que sed non pudor___ decor_____ve stude_____.
9. Let the one hundred daughters of the Sabines abandon their anger and save thousands of citizens.
Deser____ centum fili___ Sabin_____ ir_____ et mil_____ civ______ serv______.
10. With the battle lines confused, the wives demanded that each one not kill the other.
Aci___ turbat_____, uxor____ poposc_____ ne qu__que alter____ interfic_______.
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